Solar panel | Solar array are components that change sunlight into electricity using solar cells. They are an eco-friendly and sustainable energy source, reducing reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
Solar thermal collector | A solar energy collector is a apparatus that collects sunlight to convert heat, usually used for hot water production or room heating applications. It effectively converts solar energy into thermal energy, decreasing reliance on traditional energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
Solar thermal energy | Solar heat harnesses sunlight to generate thermal energy, which can be used for water heating, space heating, or electricity production. It is a sustainable and renewable technology that reduces fossil fuel consumption and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
Worthing | Worthing is a scenic seaside town in West Sussex County, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a charming blend of beaches with soft sands, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
England | The country of England is a historic country in the UK known for its wealthy cultural traditions, famous sights, and bustling urban areas like London. It boasts a mixed scenery of rolling hills, ancient castles, and lively city hubs that combine heritage with modern developments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
Sunlight | Daylight is the organic radiance emitted by the sun, crucial for living organisms on Earth as it supplies power for photosynthesis and influences climate and weather patterns. It also adds to our well-being by regulating our circadian rhythms and boosting vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
Electricity | Electrical power is a type of energy due to the flow of charged particles, primarily negatively charged particles. It drives innumerable appliances and infrastructures, enabling today’s lifestyle and technological progress. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
Photovoltaic | Solar technology converts sunlight directly into power using solar panels composed of semiconductor materials. It is a sustainable power source that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and helps mitigate environmental impact. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
Electrons | Electrons are fundamental particles with a opposite electric charge that circulate around the nucleus of an atom, crucial in in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions determine the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
Direct current | DC is the single-direction flow of electric charge, typically produced by batteries, power sources, and photovoltaic cells. It provides a constant voltage or current, making it crucial for electronic devices and low voltage. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
Battery (electricity) | A battery is a instrument that accumulates chemical energy and converts it into electrical energy to run various electronic gadgets. It consists of several electrochemical units, each containing positive and negative electrodes separated by an ionic solution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
Photovoltaic system | An solar power system converts sunlight directly into power using photovoltaic panels made of semiconductor cells. It is an green energy solution that minimizes reliance on non-renewable energy sources and promotes renewable energy production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
Solar inverter | A solar power converter is a instrument that transforms direct current (DC) created by solar panels into alternating current (AC) fit for home use and utility connection. It is vital for enhancing energy performance and guaranteeing secure, consistent electricity delivery from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
Alternating current | Alternating current is an electric current that changes polarity cyclically, generally used in home and business power supplies. It allows for optimal transmission of electricity over long distances and is defined by its voltage and current waveforms, commonly sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
Charge controller | A power management device is a device that manages the voltage and current coming from a solar panel to avoid batteries from excess charging and damage. It guarantees efficient energy transfer and prolongs the lifespan of the battery bank. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
Measuring instrument | A measurement device is a instrument used to determine the extent, volume, or intensity of something accurately. It includes instruments like scales, thermometers, and barometers that provide accurate readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
Solar tracker | A solar tracker is a mechanism that automatically the orientation of solar panels to monitor the sun's movement throughout the day, increasing energy absorption. This system improves the efficiency of solar power systems by ensuring maximum sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
Solar farms | Photovoltaic installations are large-scale facilities that harness sunlight to produce electricity using many solar panels. They offer a sustainable and renewable energy source, reducing reliance on carbon-based fuels and decreasing pollution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
Rooftop solar power | Roof-mounted solar energy involves placing photovoltaic solar panels on roofs of buildings to create electricity from sunlight. This renewable energy source helps reduce reliance on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
Grid-connected photovoltaic system | An grid-integrated photovoltaic system converts sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a renewable energy solution. It enhances energy efficiency and decreases reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to gain potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as carbon dioxide, CH4, and N2O into the atmosphere, primarily from anthropogenic sources like fossil fuel combustion and deforestation. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, leading to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
Solar power satellite | A solar energy satellite is an spacecraft equipped with solar arrays that absorb sunlight and generate power. This electricity is then beamed to the planet's surface for use as a clean, renewable power source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
Home energy storage | Residential energy storage solutions store excess power generated from green sources or the power grid for later use, improving energy independence and effectiveness. These systems commonly employ batteries to offer backup energy, cut down energy costs, and assist grid reliability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
Timeline of solar cells | The timeline of solar panels documents the advancement and improvements in solar power tech from the early invention of the solar effect to current high-efficiency solar panels. It highlights significant innovations, including the development of the original silicon photovoltaic cell in 1954 and persistent advances that have greatly boosted energy transformation and cost-effectiveness. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
Edmond Becquerel | Edmond Becquerel was a French-born physicist renowned for his innovative work in the study of the photoelectric effect and luminescence. His tests laid the groundwork for understanding how illumination interacts with specific substances to generate electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
Willoughby Smith | Smith was a UK electrician and scientist known for discovering the photo-conductive property of Se in 1873. His work laid the foundation for the development of the photo-sensitive device and advancements in early photographic and electronic technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
Selenium | The Selenium framework is an open-source framework used for automated testing of web browsers, allowing testers to simulate user interactions and verify web application functionalities. It supports various programming languages and browsers, making it a versatile tool for automated. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a British scientist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of light and optical science, particularly the discovery of the polarization of light reflected from transparent materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic wave behavior and the development of optics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was an United States inventor who developed the initial working selenium solar cell in 1883. His pioneering work set the groundwork for the modern photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
Coal-fired power plant | An coal-powered power plant generates electricity by firing coal to produce steam that powers turbines connected to generators. This process releases considerable amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an American scientist credited with discovering the solar cell and advancing the understanding of semiconductor materials. His work paved the way for modern photovoltaic technology and the manufacture of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
Bell Labs | Bell Labs is a prestigious innovative organization historically associated with AT&T, known for groundbreaking innovations in telecommunications, computing, and materials science. It has been the origin of countless groundbreaking inventions, including the transistor and the laser. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
Silicon | Silicon is a chemical with the symbol Si and atomic number 14, famous for its crucial role in the fabrication of electronic devices and solar modules. It is a tough, brittle solid substance with a bluish-gray sheen, mainly utilized as a semiconductor in the tech industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
Micro-inverter | A compact inverter is a small device installed on each solar panel to convert direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) at the location. This method increases system efficiency, facilitates better performance oversight, and boosts energy yield in solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
Solar cell | A solar module is a component that turns sunlight directly into electricity through the photoelectric effect. It is often used in photovoltaic systems to provide a renewable and renewable energy power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
PV system | An PV (photovoltaic) system converts over sunlight immediately into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a sustainable energy technology that provides sustainable power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
Photon | A photon acts as a elementary particle that represents a quantum of light as well as other electromagnetic radiation, carrying energy and momentum and energy without containing rest mass. It serves a important role in the relations between matter and electromagnetic fields, allowing phenomena such as reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
Photovoltaic effect | The solar photoelectric effect is the phenomenon by which certain materials transform sunlight straight into electricity through the production of electron-hole pairs. This phenomenon is the core foundation behind solar cell technology, allowing the harnessing of solar solar power for energy creation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
Wafer (electronics) | An wafer in electrical engineering is a thin slice of chip material, typically silicon, used as the substrate for fabricating integrated circuits. It functions as the primary platform where microchips are built through processes like doping, etching, and coating. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a highly pure form of silicon used predominantly in the manufacturing of solar cells and electronic components due to its superb semiconductor properties. Its regular, orderly crystal lattice enables effective electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
Thin film solar cell | Flexible solar cells are a type of photovoltaic technology characterized by their light, pliable configuration, and ability to be produced on large surfaces at a reduced expense. They use layers of semiconductor materials just several micrometers in thickness to effectively turn sunlight into electrical energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the static forces exerted by the weight of construction parts and permanent equipment, while live loads are movable forces such as occupants, fixtures, and environmental factors. Both are important considerations in building planning to maintain safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits join components end-to-end, so the identical current passes through all devices, while parallel circuits join components between the identical voltage source, permitting multiple paths for current. These arrangements influence the circuit's total resistance, current distribution, and voltage drops. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
Electric power | Electrification refers to the rate at which electrical energy is transferred by an electric circuit, primarily for running devices and appliances. Created through various sources such as coal, oil, and natural gas, atomic energy, and renewable energy, and crucial for modern life. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
Watt | A measure of power is a measure of energy conversion in the metric system, showing the speed of energy transfer or transformation. It is the same as one joule per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
Voltage | Voltage is the electric voltage difference between two points, which pushes the stream of electrical current in a circuit. It is measured in V and shows the work per unit charge ready to transport electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
Volt | A electromotive force is the base unit of electrical potential, voltage difference, and voltage in the metric system. It measures the voltage per unit charge between points in an electrical network. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
Electric current | Electrical current is the flow of electrical charge through a metal wire, commonly measured in amps. It is essential for supplying electronic devices and facilitating the functioning of electrical circuits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
Ampere | Ampere is the standard of electrical current in the SI units, symbolized as A. It indicates the flow of electrical charge through a circuit over a time span. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
Electrical load | Electrical load is the term for the level of electrical power or current demanded by equipment and Electrical load in a circuit. It determines the layout and capacity of power systems to ensure secure and efficient energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
Junction box | A junction box is an electrical housing used to securely contain wire connections, providing a core for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures neat and reliable connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
MC4 connector | The MC4 is a standardized photovoltaic connector used to link solar panels in a safe and trustworthy manner. It features a clip-in design with waterproof sealing, guaranteeing durability and efficient electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
USB power | USB power provides a simple and standardized method of delivering electrical energy to devices through universal ports. It is commonly used for recharging and energizing a extensive range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
Power inverter | A energy inverter is a device that changes direct current (DC) from supplies like cells or photovoltaic arrays into alternating current (AC) suitable for household appliances. It permits the application of standard electrical devices in locations where only DC power is accessible. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
Battery pack | A battery pack functions as a collection of several individual batteries assembled to store and supply electrical energy for different devices. This provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
Solar tracking | Solar tracking systems automatically align the position of photovoltaic panels to monitor the sun’s path throughout the daytime, enhancing power intake. This technology boosts the efficiency of solar power gathering by ensuring ideal panel orientation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a technique used to optimize the energy production of solar energy systems by regularly modifying the working point to match the peak power point of the photovoltaic modules. This procedure ensures the highest efficiency energy harvesting, especially under changing weather. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
Power optimizer | A power optimizer is a device used in solar energy systems to boost energy output by separately improving the performance of each solar panel. It enhances overall system efficiency by cutting down on energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
Solar performance monitor | A solar performance monitor is a device that monitors and analyzes the effectiveness of photovoltaic panel systems in instantaneous, providing valuable data on energy production and system status. It aids maximize solar power generation by identifying problems ahead of time and guaranteeing maximum performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
Thin-film solar cell | Lightweight solar cells are lightweight, versatile photovoltaic devices made by depositing fine layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a economical and flexible alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in various portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
Solar cells | Photovoltaic cells convert sunlight directly into electricity through the photoelectric effect, making them a renewable energy source. They are typically used in solar panels to supply energy to homes, devices, and complete solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a substance composed of countless minute silicon lattice structures, typically used in solar panels and microchip production. Its creation involves melting and restructuring silicon to generate a pure, polycrystalline structure fit for microelectronic devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
Monocrystalline silicon | Monocrystalline silicon is a high-purity form of silicon with a continuous lattice arrangement, making it very effective for use in solar cells and electronics. Its uniform formation allows for better electron transfer, resulting in higher functionality compared to other silicon types. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | Cadmium telluride photovoltaics constitute a category of thin-film solar system that offers a affordable and high-performance alternative for extensive solar energy harvesting. They are recognized for their great absorption capability and relatively low manufacturing expenses compared to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | CIGS photovoltaic devices are flexible solar cells that use a multi-layered compound of Cu, In, gallium, and Se to transform sunlight into energy effectively. They are recognized for their great light capturing efficiency, bendability, and capability for portable, economical solar energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
Amorphous silicon | Non-crystalline silicon is a non-ordered atomic configuration, making it more adaptable and more straightforward to layer than crystalline silicon. It is commonly used in photovoltaic thin films and electronic devices due to its economic advantage and flexible features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Next-generation photovoltaic modules aim to outperform traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing cutting-edge materials and pioneering techniques such as multi-junction stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on maximizing energy conversion, cutting costs, and increasing applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-layered solar panels are advanced photovoltaic devices that use multiple p-n junctions stacked in tandem to absorb a wider range of the solar spectrum, substantially increasing their efficiency. They are primarily applied in space satellites and high-efficiency solar power systems due to their excellent energy conversion capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
Solar panels on spacecraft | Spacecraft solar panels are essential devices that generate sunlight into electrical energy to supply onboard systems. Generally lightweight, durable, and designed to operate efficiently in the extreme space conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are substances composed of several elements, typically involving a metal component and a non-metallic component, used in high-speed electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer better performance in applications such as lasers, light-emitting diodes, and high-speed transistors compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
Gallium arsenide | GaAs is a compound semiconductor famous for its high electron mobility and effectiveness in high-speed and optoelectronic applications. It is often used in components such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
Concentrator photovoltaics | CPV use focusing elements or mirrors to concentrate sunlight onto superior efficiency multi-band solar cells, substantially improving energy conversion efficiency. This technology is ideal for large-scale solar power plants in zones with direct sunlight, providing a cost-effective solution for high-demand energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
Thin-film silicon | Ultralight silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its compact and pliant form factor. It offers a affordable alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in BIPV and portable power sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
CIGS solar cell | CIGS thin-film solar cell utilize a delicate coating of CuInGaSe2 as the photovoltaic material, known for excellent energy conversion and bendability. They offer a portable, cost-effective alternative to conventional silicon PV modules with great output in various environmental conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
Thin-film | Thin-film describes a fine layer of material, often measured in nanometers or micrometers, used in diverse technological applications. These coatings are crucial in electronic systems, light manipulation, and coverings for their particular physical and chemical features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
Rooftop solar PV | Roof-mounted solar PV systems harness sunlight to generate electricity directly on rooftops of buildings, providing a eco-friendly and economical energy solution. They help reduce reliance on fossil fuels, reduce electricity bills, and contribute to environmental conservation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
Thin film | A layer of material is a sheet of compound ranging from tiny nanometric scales to a few microns in thickness, often placed on surfaces for functional applications. These layers are used in diverse fields, including electronics, optical technologies, and medicine, to alter surface properties or develop particular device features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
Nanometers | Nanometric units are measurement equivalent to one-billionth of a meter, commonly used to illustrate extremely small distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are essential in fields like nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for gauging structures and particles at the nanoscale. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
Micrometers | Calipers are precision devices used to accurately measure minute thicknesses or depths, typically in machining and fabrication. They feature a adjusted screw mechanism that allows for accurate readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
Silicon wafer | A silicon substrate is a thin, disk-shaped section of silicon crystal used as the platform for constructing semiconductor devices. It acts as the core material in the manufacture of microchips and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | Copper indium gallium selenide-based solar panels are compact solar units famous for their excellent performance and flexibility, making them suitable for diverse applications. They employ a layered semiconductor structure that turns sunlight directly into electrical energy with remarkable efficiency in low-light conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
Multi-crystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon is a form of silicon used in photovoltaic panels, characterized by its multiple crystal grains that give it a mottled appearance. It is known for being affordable and having a moderately high efficiency in converting sunlight into electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
Solar PV systems | Photovoltaic systems convert sunlight directly into power using photovoltaic cells, providing a green energy source for household, commercial, and large-scale applications. They deliver a clean, long-lasting, and cost-effective way to decrease reliance on non-renewable energy sources and reduce CO2 emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cell are a type of photovoltaic technology that uses perovskite-structured compound as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cells have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
Dye-sensitized solar cell | A dye-activated solar cell (DSSC) is a light-to-electricity device that transforms sunlight into electricity using a light-reactive dye to absorb light and produce electron flow. It offers a cost-effective and versatile alternative to traditional silicon-based solar cells, with possibility for transparent and thin applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot photovoltaic cells utilize nanoscale semiconductor particles to enhance light capture and conversion efficiency through quantum confinement effects. This technology offers the potential for lower-cost, bendable, and superior solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
Organic solar cell | Organic solar cells are photoelectric devices that use carbon-based compounds, to convert sunlight into electricity. They are lightweight, flexible, and enable more affordable, extensive solar power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
CZTS | CZTS Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide is a potential electronic substance used in laminate solar cells due to its plentiful and harmless elements. Its excellent optoelectronic properties make it an attractive option for eco-friendly photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics solar-integrated building systems seamlessly incorporate photovoltaic technology into the design of construction components, such as roofing, outer walls, and glazing. This innovative approach enhances energy performance while maintaining visual attractiveness and structural functionality. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
Transparency and translucency | Transparency allows light to penetrate a material bearing minimal distortion, rendering objects behind easily seen. Translucency permits light to diffuse through, obscuring detailed visibility but yet still permitting shapes and light to transmit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
Window tinting | Vehicle and building window film application involves the process of applying a transparent film to the inside or outside of vehicle or building glazing to reduce glare, heat, and UV radiation. It enhances privacy, improves energy efficiency, and gives a sleek aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
List of photovoltaic power stations | A catalog of photovoltaic power stations details various massive solar energy plants around the world, demonstrating their output and positions. These facilities play a important role in renewable energy generation and worldwide efforts to lower carbon releases. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
Photovoltaic power stations | Photovoltaic energy plants are extensive facilities that transform sunlight straight into electricity using photovoltaic panels. They play a vital role in clean energy production, lessening dependence on non-renewable energy sources, and cutting emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
Environmental issues | Eco concerns encompass a wide range of challenges such as waste, global warming, and forest loss that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires joint initiatives to promote sustainable practices and protect biodiverse environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
Renewable energy | Green energy comes from eco-friendly origins that are renewably sourced, such as solar radiation, air currents, and water. It offers a sustainable solution to fossil fuels, minimizing environmental impact and supporting long-term energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
Non-renewable energy | Non-renewable energy sources, such as lignite, crude oil, and methane, are finite resources formed over millions of years and are consumed when used. They are the primary fuels for power production and vehicle operation but pose ecological and environmental and sustainability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
Electricity generation | Power production involves converting various energy sources such as coal, oil, and natural gas, nuclear energy, and renewable resources into electricity. This process typically occurs in electricity plants where rotating machinery and generators work together to produce electricity for distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
Heavy metals | Heavy metals are compact, harmful elements such as Pb, quicksilver, metallic cadmium, and As that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
Solar-cell efficiency | Photovoltaic performance indicates how efficiently a photovoltaic device converts sunlight into usable power. Enhancing this efficiency is crucial for optimizing renewable energy generation and cutting reliance on non-renewable resources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric effect occurs when light shining on a metal surface ejects electrons from that surface, demonstrating the particle-like behavior of light. This event provided key evidence for the development of quantum physics by showing that photon energy is discrete. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
Accelerated life testing | Rapid life testing involves subjecting products to elevated stresses to quickly evaluate their durability and estimate their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps detect potential failures and improve product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
Growth of photovoltaics | The growth of photovoltaics has accelerated rapidly over the past decade, driven by technological progress and cost reductions. This growth is revolutionizing the global energy landscape by raising the portion of sustainable solar power in electricity generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar relates to large solar power facilities designed to generate electricity on a industrial scale, delivering power directly to the grid. These sites typically cover extensive areas and utilize photovoltaic panels or thermal solar systems to produce renewable energy efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
Lens (optics) | A optical element is a see-through instrument that bending light to bring together or diverge rays, forming images. It is frequently used in devices like camera units, glasses, and microscopes to adjust light for improved vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
Angle of incidence (optics) | The incidence angle is the measure between an approaching light ray and the perpendicular line orthogonal to the surface at the contact point. It controls how light interacts with the surface, affecting reflection and refraction properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
Anti-reflective coating | Anti-reflective coating is a thin layer applied to lens surfaces to reduce glare and improve light transmission. It boosts the clarity and luminosity of lenses by reducing undesirable reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
Destructive interference | Destructive interference occurs when a couple of waves meet in such a way that their wave heights counteract each other, leading to a decrease or complete elimination of the resultant waveform. This occurrence generally happens when these waves are not in phase by half a cycle. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
Alternating Current | AC is an electric current that changes polarity, mainly utilized in power supply systems. Its voltage varies sinusoidally throughout its cycle, enabling efficient transmission across extensive ranges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
Microinverter | A microinverter is a small entity used to change direct current (DC) from a individual solar panel into AC suitable for domestic use. It boosts system performance by maximizing energy production at the panel level and streamlines setup and upkeep. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
AC power | AC power, or AC power, is electricity delivered through a network where the voltage level and electric flow periodically reverse direction, enabling cost-effective transmission over long distances. It is frequently used in residences and industries to operate various appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
DC connector | A DC connector is a type of electrical connector used to supply DC energy from a power supply to an electronic device. It typically consists of a tube-shaped plug and receptacle that guarantee a secure and trustworthy connection for multiple electronic uses. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
Underwriters Laboratories | Underwriters Labs is a international safety certification body that tests and approves products to ensure they adhere to particular protection norms. It assists consumers and firms recognize trustworthy and secure products through thorough assessment and analysis procedures. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
Series circuits | Serial circuits are electronic networks in which components are connected end-to-end, forming a one path for current flow. In this arrangement, the same current passes through all elements, and the total voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
Parallel circuits | Parallel circuits are electrical circuits where parts are connected across the same voltage source, providing multiple channels for current flow. This configuration allows units to operate autonomously, with the total current divided among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
Diode | An diode is a solid-state device that permits current to pass in one direction exclusively, functioning as a one-way valve for electrical current. It is commonly used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in electrical circuits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An car auxiliary power outlet is a port, typically 12-volt, created to deliver electrical energy for different devices and add-ons inside a car. It permits users to charge electronic gadgets or use small electronics when on the journey. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a protocol for linking hardware to PCs, facilitating information exchange and electric power. It supports a variety of devices such as keypads, pointer devices, external storage, and cell phones, with multiple generations providing increased speeds and improved performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency refers to the ratio of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell turns into electrical energy. Enhancing this efficiency is essential to optimizing energy output and making solar power affordable and renewable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The National Renewable Energy Laboratory is a U.S. DOE national laboratory dedicated to research and development in renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies. It focuses on developments in solar power, wind, bioenergy, and additional renewable sources to support a clean energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
Electromagnetic spectrum | The electromagnetic spectrum encompasses every kind of EM radiation, extending from radio waves to gamma rays, each with diverse lengths and energies. This band is essential for numerous technological applications and natural events, allowing data exchange, medical imaging, and insight into the universe. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
Ultraviolet | UV light is a kind of electromagnetic radiation with a wave length shorter than visible light but longer than X ray radiation, primarily generated by the sun. It serves a crucial role in such as vitamin D production but can also result in skin injury and photoaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
Infrared | Infrared radiation is a form of electromagnetic wave with greater wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
Monochromatic | Monochromatic refers to a color palette based on variations of a sole hue, using different shades, tints, and tones to create harmony and connexion. This design approach emphasizes clarity and sophistication by maintaining consistent color elements throughout a layout. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
Irradiance | Radiance refers to the intensity of electromagnetic radiation per unit area incident on a surface, typically measured in watts per square meter. It is a crucial parameter in areas like solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, demonstrating the strength of sunlight reaching a particular zone. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
W/m2 | W/m2 is a unit of measurement used to calculate the magnitude of energy or energy flow received or emitted over a particular area, frequently in areas such as meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It assists with grasping the distribution and movement of power across areas, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the range of diverse tones or wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, perceptible or otherwise. It is frequently used to describe the dispersion of light or signal bandwidths in multiple scientific and technological fields. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
Airmass | An air mass is a substantial body of air's with relatively consistent temperature and humidity features, deriving from from certain origin regions. These airmass influence weather patterns and air states as they move across different zones. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
Solar irradiance | Sun's energy output is the measure of the intensity per unit area received from the Sun in the form of solar rays. It changes with solar cycles and atmospheric factors on Earth, affecting global climate and local weather. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
Soiling (solar energy) | Soiling in photovoltaic systems refers to the buildup of dirt, and impurities on the exterior of photovoltaic modules, which diminishes their performance. Regular cleaning and maintenance are necessary to limit energy loss and ensure optimal efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage represents the maximum voltage available from a power source when there is no current, measured across its terminals. It indicates the potential difference of a device when it has been disconnected from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current is the peak electrical current that travels through a circuit when a short connection, or short circuit, takes place, skipping the normal load. It poses a significant safety hazard and can lead to damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
Watt-peak | Watt-peak (Wp) is a assessment of the peak power output of a solar array under optimal sunlight conditions. It shows the panel's peak capacity to create electricity in standard testing setups . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
Voltmeter | A voltmeter is an electrical instrument used to check the potential difference between separate points in a electronic circuit. It is frequently utilized in numerous electrical and electronic setups to verify proper voltage levels | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a occurrence in photovoltaic modules where high voltage stress causes a significant reduction in energy production and efficiency. It occurs due to leakage current and ion transfer within the solar cell components, leading to degradation over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
Boron | Boron serves as a semi metallic element crucial for plant development and employed in multiple industrial applications, like glassmaking and chip manufacturing. It exhibits distinctive chemical traits that render it useful in producing durable, heat-resistant materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
Photovoltaic mounting system | A photovoltaic mounting system securely supports photovoltaic modules, ensuring ideal tilt and alignment for maximum sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand external conditions while providing a solid and durable foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
Solar power plant | A solar power plant harnesses sunlight using vast groups of photovoltaic modules to produce renewable electricity. It provides an eco-friendly energy source, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the combined approach of using land for both solar energy output and cultivation, optimizing space and resources. This approach improves crop production while simultaneously producing renewable energy, encouraging sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial photovoltaic cells are photovoltaic devices able to absorb sunlight on both sides, enhancing overall energy generation. They are typically mounted in a way that improves effectiveness by leveraging albedo effect and reflected sunlight from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
Solar canopy | A solar-powered canopy is a installation that provides shelter while generating electricity through integrated solar panels. It is commonly installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to merge environmental benefits with useful design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
Solar array | A solar panel system is a collection of multiple solar modules designed to create electricity from sunlight. It is frequently used in renewable energy systems to deliver clean, sustainable power for multiple applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
Patio cover | A patio shield is a structure that provides shade and protection from the elements for al fresco areas. It improves the usability and look of a courtyard, making it a comfortable zone for leisure and entertainment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
Zenith angle | The angle measured from directly overhead is the measurement between the upright line directly overhead and the line of sight to a heavenly body. It is employed in astronomy and meteorology to indicate the position of bodies in the sky relative to an onlooker. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
Azimuth angle | The horizontal bearing is a horizontal angle measured clockwise from a reference direction, usually true north, to the line between an observer to a point of interest. It is frequently used in wayfinding, land measurement, and celestial observation to specify the direction of an target relative to the observer's position. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Installing solar panels exposes workers to risks such as falls from heights and electricity shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to rough climate and potential musculoskeletal injuries pose significant workplace risks in solar panel setup. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
Cadmium telluride | Cadmium telluride is a semiconductor substance commonly employed in thin film solar panels due to its high efficiency and cost efficiency. It exhibits excellent optical characteristics, making it a common option for solar applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
List of photovoltaics companies | A catalog of photovoltaics companies showcases the leading manufacturers and suppliers expert in solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions across the globe. These companies are key in advancing solar energy adoption and advancement across various markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
Gigawatt | A gigawatt is a measure of energy output equal to a billion W, used to assess big electricity production and utilization. It is typically associated with electricity stations, national grids, and significant power projects worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
First Solar | The company First Solar is a international leader in photovoltaic (PV) energy solutions, focused on producing thin-film solar modules that offer excellent efficiency and affordable power output. The firm is dedicated to sustainable renewable energy advancement and reducing the world dependency on fossil fuels through advanced solar solar innovations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology specializes in seamlessly integrating various components of industrial and automated systems to boost efficiency and reliability. It focuses on developing advanced solutions that facilitate smooth communication and compatibility among various tech platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic is an top China's firm focused on the manufacturing and development of solar-powered solar products and solutions. It is known for its advanced technology and eco-friendly energy programs in the the renewable energy industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a unit of power equal to 1,000,000,000 W, often used to represent the potential of massively scaled power production or usage. It emphasizes the vast energy scale involved in current energy framework and technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
Experience curve effects | Knowledge curve effects refer to the effect where the unit cost reduces as cumulative output rises, due to learning curve and efficiencies obtained over time. This concept highlights the importance of learned skills in reducing costs and boosting output in industrial processes and other processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
Photovoltaics | Photovoltaics transform sunlight immediately into electricity using semiconductor materials, primarily silicon. This technology is a clean, renewable energy source that helps reduce reliance on fossil fuels and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the expense of producing solar or wind energy is equivalent to or lower than the cost of buying power from the power grid. Achieving grid parity means that renewable energy technologies are financially viable with fossil fuel-based fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
Mains electricity | Mains electricity acts as the main electrical power supplied to houses and enterprises through a network of power lines, providing a reliable source of energy for various appliances. It usually operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, based on the country, and is supplied through alternating current (AC). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) pertains to all components of a solar power system excluding the photovoltaic panels, such as inverters, racking, wiring, and other electrical hardware. It is essential for securing the optimum and reliable operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
Solar energy | Solar energy is harnessed from the solar radiation using PV panels to convert electricity or through solar heating systems to provide warmth. It represents a green, renewable, and eco-conscious source of power that decreases dependence on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are widely utilized in home, business, and factory settings to generate green, renewable electricity from sunlight. They also supply remote and off-grid locations, delivering renewable energy solutions where traditional power grids are not accessible. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
List of solar-powered products | A list of sun-powered items features a range of devices that utilize sunlight to generate energy, promoting eco-friendly and renewable living. These products include covering solar energy units and lights to home equipment and outdoor equipment, delivering flexible options for energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
Photovoltaic power station | A solar energy facility is a plant that converts sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels. It is a green energy source that supports lowering reliance on non-renewable energy and limits greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems merge solar panels with other energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to deliver a reliable and efficient power supply. They optimize energy use by allocating renewable resources and backup options, decreasing reliance on fossil fuels and cutting overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
Concentrated photovoltaics | Concentrated photovoltaics utilize optical lenses and reflectors to focus solar radiation onto high-performance solar cells, considerably boosting energy capture from a smaller area. This method is particularly effective in areas with direct, strong sunlight and provides a viable solution to lowering expenses related to solar energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |