| Solar panel | Solar array act as instruments that change sunlight into electricity using photovoltaic cells. These are an green and renewable energy source, reducing reliance on carbon-based fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
| Solar thermal collector | A solar heat collector is a apparatus that captures sunlight to convert heat, typically used for water heating or room heating applications. It efficiently converts solar energy into thermal energy, decreasing reliance on standard energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
| Solar thermal energy | Sun-powered thermal energy harnesses solar radiation to generate thermal energy, which can be used for water heating, space heating, or electricity generation. It is a renewable and eco-friendly technology that reduces fossil fuel consumption and lowers carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
| Worthing | Worthing is a beautiful seaside town in West Sussex, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a charming blend of beaches with soft sands, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
| England | The country of England is a historic and historic-influenced country in the UK known for its abundant cultural traditions, iconic landmarks, and bustling cities like London. It boasts a diverse scenery of undulating terrain, historic forts, and bustling urban centers that mix heritage with modern developments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
| Sunlight | Solar light is the organic light emitted by the sun, crucial for living organisms on Earth as it offers energy for photosynthesis and shapes climate and weather patterns. It also adds to our well-being by controlling our circadian rhythms and increasing vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
| Electricity | Electricity is a kind of power due to the movement of ions, primarily negatively charged particles. It powers innumerable systems and systems, facilitating contemporary living and technological advancements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
| Photovoltaic | Photovoltaic technology converts sunlight directly into electricity using photovoltaic panels composed of semi-conductor materials. It is a renewable energy source that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and helps mitigate ecological footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
| Electrons | Electrons are fundamental particles with a opposite electric charge that circulate around the nucleus of an atom, crucial in in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions influence the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
| Direct current | Direct current is the one-way movement of electric charge, typically produced by cell packs, power supplies, and solar panels. It provides a consistent voltage or current, causing it crucial for electronic devices and low-voltage applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
| Battery (electricity) | A cell is a instrument that stores chemical energy and transforms it into electric power to run various electronic gadgets. It consists of multiple galvanic units, each comprising positive and negative electrodes interposed by an electrolytic substance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
| Photovoltaic system | A photovoltaic system converts sunlight immediately into power using photovoltaic panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is an eco-friendly energy solution that minimizes reliance on fossil fuels and supports sustainable power generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
| Solar inverter | A photovoltaic inverter is a device that converts DC produced by solar panels into alternating current (AC) suitable for household use and grid connection. It is vital for optimizing energy use and guaranteeing safe, dependable electricity delivery from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
| Alternating current | Alternating current is an electric current that reverses polarity cyclically, typically used in residential and commercial power supplies. It permits optimal transmission of electricity over long distances and is defined by its voltage and current waveforms, commonly sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
| Charge controller | A power management device is a device that controls the voltage level and current coming from a solar panel to prevent batteries from overcharging and damage. It guarantees optimal energy flow and extends the lifespan of the battery system. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
| Measuring instrument | A measurement device is a device used to ascertain the size, volume, or level of something accurately. It includes instruments like rulers, temperature sensors, and pressure gauges that provide accurate readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
| Solar tracker | An solar tracker is a system that automatically adjusts the orientation of solar panels to monitor the sun's movement during the day, increasing energy absorption. This system enhances the efficiency of solar power systems by keeping optimal sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
| Solar farms | Solar power plants are large-scale plants that capture sunlight to produce electricity using a multitude of solar panels. They provide a sustainable and eco-friendly energy power, cutting down reliance on fossil fuels and decreasing carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
| Rooftop solar power | Rooftop solar power involves installing photovoltaic panels on building rooftops to create electricity from sunlight. This renewable energy source helps minimize reliance on fossil fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
| Grid-connected photovoltaic system | An grid-tied photovoltaic system transforms sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a sustainable energy solution. It improves energy efficiency and cuts down reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to take advantage of potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
| Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide into the atmosphere, primarily from human activities like fossil fuel combustion and tree clearing. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, contributing to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
| Solar power satellite | A solar energy satellite is an spacecraft equipped with photovoltaic panels that absorb sunlight and generate power. This power is then sent wirelessly to the planet's surface for application as an eco-friendly power supply. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
| Home energy storage | Home power storage systems retain excess electricity generated from renewable sources or the power grid for later use, enhancing energy independence and effectiveness. These solutions commonly employ batteries to deliver backup power, lower energy costs, and support grid robustness. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
| Timeline of solar cells | The history of solar cells documents the development and advancements in solar energy tech from the beginning discovery of the photovoltaic effect to contemporary high-efficiency photovoltaic modules. It features major breakthroughs, including the invention of the original silicon photovoltaic cell in 1954 and persistent advances that have significantly enhanced power transformation and economic viability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
| Edmond Becquerel | Edmond Becquerel was a French physicist by profession renowned for his innovative work in the study of the photovoltaic effect and glow. His experiments laid the groundwork for understanding how illumination interacts with specific substances to generate electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
| Willoughby Smith | Willoughby Smith was a UK electrician and researcher known for finding out the photo-conductive property of selenium in 1873. His research laid the foundation for the development of the photo-sensitive device and progress in initial photography and electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
| Selenium | Selenium is an free platform used for automating web browsers, allowing testers to mimic user interactions and test web application functionalities. It supports multiple programming languages and web browsers, making it a versatile tool for automated. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
| William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a UK physicist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of light and optical science, particularly the discovery of the polarization effect of light reflected from transparent materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic wave behavior and the development of optics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
| Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was indeed an US creator who invented the earliest working selenium solar cell in 1883. His groundbreaking work set the foundation for the modern photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
| Coal-fired power plant | An coal-powered power plant generates electricity by firing coal to produce steam that rotates turbines connected to generators. This process releases considerable amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
| Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an American scientist credited with discovering the solar cell and advancing the understanding of semiconductor materials. His work laid the foundation for modern solar energy technology and the manufacture of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
| Bell Labs | Bell Laboratories is a prestigious innovative entity long-standing associated with AT&T, known for groundbreaking innovations in telecommunications, computer science, and materials research. It has been the birthplace of countless groundbreaking inventions, including the semiconductor device and the laser technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
| Silicon | Silicon is a element with the symbol Si and 14, famous for its essential role in the production of electronics and solar panels. It is a tough, breakable crystalline solid with a bluish-gray metallic luster, mainly utilized as a semiconductor in the technology sector. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
| Micro-inverter | A small inverter is a compact component installed on each solar panel to convert direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) on-site. This technology increases system efficiency, enables enhanced system tracking, and boosts power output in solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
| Solar cell | A solar panel is a device that converts sunlight directly into electricity through the solar energy process. It is frequently used in solar arrays to supply a sustainable and eco-friendly energy source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
| PV system | An PV (photovoltaic) system converts over sunlight immediately into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a renewable energy technology that provides sustainable power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
| Photon | A photon serves as a basic particle which represents a packet of light plus other electromagnetic radiation, carrying with it energy and momentum without having rest mass. It plays a important role in the connections between matter and electromagnetic fields, facilitating phenomena including reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
| Photovoltaic effect | The PV effect is the mechanism by which particular compounds convert sunlight immediately into electricity through the generation of electron-hole pairs. This effect is the core concept behind solar panel systems, enabling the harnessing of solar sunlight for power generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
| Wafer (electronics) | An wafer in electrical engineering is a fine slice of chip material, usually silicon, used as the substrate for manufacturing integrated circuits. It serves as the primary platform where microprocessors are built through processes like doping, etching, and coating. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
| Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a extremely pure form of silicon used predominantly in the manufacturing of solar panels and electronic components due to its outstanding semiconductor properties. Its regular, orderly crystal lattice enables effective electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
| Thin film solar cell | Flexible solar cells are a type of solar power system characterized by their light, bendable structure, and ability to be produced on large surfaces at a lower cost. They use layers of semiconductor materials only a few micrometers thick to transform sunlight into usable electricity efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
| Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the static forces exerted by the weight of construction parts and stationary equipment, while live loads are movable forces such as occupants, furnishings, and environmental factors. Both are essential considerations in building planning to guarantee safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
| Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits link components end-to-end, so the identical current passes through all devices, while parallel circuits connect components across the identical voltage source, allowing various paths for current. These configurations influence the circuit's overall resistance, current allocation, and voltage reductions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
| Electric power | Electrification is the speed at which electrical energy flows by an electrical circuit, mainly utilized for powering devices and appliances. Produced through diverse origins such as fossil fuels, nuclear, and sustainable sources, and is essential for contemporary living. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
| Watt | A measure of power is a measure of energy transfer rate in the International System of Units, indicating the rate of energy transfer or conversion. It is equivalent to one unit of energy per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
| Voltage | Voltage is the electronic pressure difference between two points, which causes the movement of electrical current in a circuit. It is measured in V and represents the work per unit charge available to shift electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
| Volt | A voltage is the standard unit of electric potential, potential difference, and EMF in the SI system. It measures the electric energy per unit charge between locations in an electrical network. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
| Electric current | Electric flow is the movement of electrical charge through a metal wire, typically measured in amperes. It is necessary for powering electronic equipment and facilitating the operation of electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
| Ampere | Amp represents the unit of electric current in the SI units, represented by A. It measures the flow of electrical charge through a conductor over a time span. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
| Electrical load | Electrical load refers to the quantity of electrical power or current demanded by appliances and Electrical load in a circuit. It influences the layout and capacity of power systems to guarantee safe and optimized energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
| Junction box | A junction enclosure is an electrical casing used to safely house wire connections, providing a main hub for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures structured and safe connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
| MC4 connector | The MC4 plug is a uniform photovoltaic connector used to connect solar panels in a safe and dependable manner. It features a clip-in design with waterproof sealing, ensuring durability and optimal electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
| USB power | USB power delivers a simple and standardized method of delivering electrical energy to devices through universal ports. It is often used for powering and supplying a broad range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
| Power inverter | A power converter is a device that converts DC from sources like cells or photovoltaic arrays into alternating current (AC) suitable for home devices. It enables the operation of regular electrical equipment in environments where only DC energy is available. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
| Battery pack | An battery pack is an collection of multiple individual batteries assembled to store and supply electrical energy for multiple devices. It provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
| Solar tracking | Solar tracking systems automatically adjust the orientation of solar panels to follow the sun movement throughout the 24 hours, enhancing energy absorption. This system increases the performance of photovoltaic energy harvesting by ensuring ideal solar array alignment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
| Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a technique used to maximize the power output of solar panel setups by constantly tuning the working point to correspond to the optimal power point of the solar cells. This methodology ensures the most efficient power harvesting, especially under changing weather. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
| Power optimizer | A power optimizer functions as a device used in solar energy systems to maximize energy output by individually enhancing the performance of each solar panel. It increases overall system efficiency by minimizing energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
| Solar performance monitor | A solar performance monitor is a tool that tracks and examines the performance of solar power systems in live, providing useful data on energy generation and system condition. It aids enhance solar energy output by identifying faults promptly and securing maximum output. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
| Thin-film solar cell | Lightweight solar cells are flexible, versatile photovoltaic devices made by depositing thin layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a affordable and flexible alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in different portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
| Solar cells | Solar cells convert sunlight directly into electricity through the photoelectric effect, making them a renewable energy source. They are typically used in photovoltaic modules to supply energy to homes, electronic gadgets, and full solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
| Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a substance composed of numerous minute silicon crystals, typically used in solar modules and microchip production. Its creation involves fusing and reforming silicon to generate a high-purity, polycrystalline type suitable for electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
| Monocrystalline silicon | Single-crystal silicon is a high-purity type of silicon with a uniform lattice structure, making it extremely capable for use in solar cells and electronic components. Its uniform formation allows for improved electron flow, resulting in better efficiency compared to alternative silicon forms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
| Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | Cadmium telluride photovoltaics are a category of thin film solar system that presents a affordable and efficient solution for large-scale solar energy generation. They are their excellent absorption efficiency and moderately affordable manufacturing expenses versus traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
| Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | CIGS photovoltaic devices are flexible photovoltaic cells that employ a composite material of copper, indium, gallium, and selenium to transform sunlight into energy efficiently. They are known for their high light capturing effectiveness, bendability, and possibility for lightweight, cost-effective solar energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
| Amorphous silicon | Amorphous form of silicon is a non-ordered molecular configuration, making it easier to handle and easier to deposit than structured silicon. It is frequently used in thin-film solar cells and electronic devices due to its cost-effectiveness and adaptable characteristics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
| Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Next-generation photovoltaic cells aim to outperform traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing cutting-edge materials and pioneering techniques such as stacked stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on optimizing energy conversion, lowering costs, and increasing applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
| Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-junction solar cells are innovative photovoltaic devices that employ various p-n connections stacked together to collect a more extensive spectrum of the solar spectrum, greatly enhancing their efficiency. They are mainly applied in space missions and advanced solar power systems due to their excellent energy transformation capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
| Solar panels on spacecraft | Solar panels on spacecraft are vital components that transform solar radiation into electric power to power onboard instrumentation. Usually lightweight, durable, and crafted to function effectively in the harsh environment of space. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
| Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are materials composed of several elements, typically involving a metallic element and a non-metallic component, used in high-frequency electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer enhanced performance in applications such as laser devices, light-emitting diodes, and high-frequency switching devices compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
| Gallium arsenide | GaAs is a compound semiconductor recognized for its great electron mobility and efficiency in RF and optoelectronic applications. It is frequently used in devices such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
| Concentrator photovoltaics | CPV employ lenses or mirrors to focus sunlight onto superior efficiency multi-band solar cells, substantially improving energy transformation efficiency. This approach is ideal for large-scale solar power plants in regions with direct sunlight, offering a cost-effective solution for high-demand energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
| Thin-film silicon | Flexible silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its lightweight and bendable form factor. It offers a cost-effective alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in building-integrated photovoltaics and mobile energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
| CIGS solar cell | CIGS solar cell utilize a ultra-thin layer of CIGS compound as the solar semiconductor, known for superior performance and flexibility. They offer a lightweight, economical alternative to standard silicon solar arrays with excellent performance in various environmental conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
| Thin-film | Thin-film refers to a fine layer of material, often measured in nanometers or micrometers, used in diverse technological fields. These layers are crucial in electronics, optical systems, and coverings for their distinctive physical and chemical features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
| Rooftop solar PV | Roof-mounted solar PV systems harness solar energy to generate electricity directly on building rooftops, providing a sustainable and affordable energy solution. They help reduce reliance on fossil fuels, reduce electricity bills, and contribute to environmental conservation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
| Thin film | A coating is a stratum of substance ranging from a few nanometers to a few microns in depth, often placed on surfaces for functional applications. These films are used in multiple sectors, including electronic devices, optical technologies, and medicine, to change surface traits or create specific device functionalities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
| Nanometers | Nano units are measurement equal to one-billionth of a meter, commonly used to describe minuscule distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are essential in disciplines including nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for gauging structures and particles at the nano level. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
| Micrometers | Calipers are high-precision devices used to exactly measure tiny gaps or thicknesses, typically in machining and fabrication. They feature a scaled screw device that allows for precise readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
| Silicon wafer | A silicon substrate is a thin, disk-shaped slice of silicon crystal used as the foundation for manufacturing semiconductor devices. It functions as the foundational material in the manufacture of ICs and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
| Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | Copper indium gallium selenide-based solar panels are compact solar units recognized for their superior output and adaptability, ideal for various uses. They utilize a multilayer semiconductor structure that converts sunlight immediately into electricity with remarkable efficiency in low-light settings. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
| Multi-crystalline silicon | Multi-crystalline silicon silicon is a kind of silicon used in solar panels, characterized by its multiple crystal grains that give it a grainy appearance. It is recognized for being affordable and having a relatively high efficiency in transforming sunlight into power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
| Solar PV systems | Solar power setups convert sunlight directly into electricity using photovoltaic cells, offering a renewable energy source for household, business, and utility-scale applications. They offer a eco-friendly, sustainable, and affordable way to cut down reliance on non-renewable energy sources and lower greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
| Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cell are a type of photovoltaic technology that use perovskite-structured compound as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cells have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
| Dye-sensitized solar cell | A photo-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a light-to-electricity device that transforms sunlight into electricity using a light-sensitive dye to capture light and create electron flow. It offers a affordable and versatile alternative to standard silicon-based solar cells, with possibility for see-through and lightweight applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
| Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot photovoltaic cells utilize nanosized semiconductor particles to enhance light capture and conversion efficiency through quantum size effects. This approach offers the potential for lower-cost, bendable, and superior solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
| Organic solar cell | Organic photovoltaic devices are photovoltaic units that employ carbon-based compounds, to transform sunlight into electric power. They are lightweight, flexible, and offer the potential for lower-cost, broad solar energy applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
| CZTS | CZTS (Copper is a advantageous electronic substance used in thin-film solar modules due to its plentiful and non-toxic elements. Its excellent optoelectronic properties make it an attractive option for eco-friendly photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
| Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics integrated solar building solutions seamlessly incorporate solar power systems into the design of construction components, such as rooftops, facades, and fenestration. This innovative approach enhances energy efficiency while maintaining visual attractiveness and structural functionality. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
| Transparency and translucency | Transparency allows light to penetrate a material bearing minimal distortion, making objects behind clearly visible. Translucency allows light to diffuse through, hiding detailed view but still allowing shapes and light to pass through. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
| Window tinting | Vehicle and building window film application involves placing a thin film to the inside or outside of automobiles or edifices glazing to cut down on glare, heat, and UV rays. It enhances privacy, improves energy efficiency, and gives a sleek aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
| List of photovoltaic power stations | A collection of solar power stations overview various extensive solar energy plants around the world, demonstrating their output and positions. These stations function a vital role in renewable energy generation and global efforts to cut carbon pollution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
| Photovoltaic power stations | Photovoltaic power stations are massive installations that turn sunlight straight into electricity using solar panels. They are essential in renewable energy generation, cutting dependence on fossil fuels, and cutting emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
| Environmental issues | Environmental issues encompass a wide range of issues such as pollution, climatic shifts, and forest loss that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires collaborative action to promote eco-friendly methods and protect natural ecosystems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
| Renewable energy | Renewable energy comes from environmentally friendly sources that are renewably sourced, such as sunlight, breezes, and hydroelectric power. It offers a sustainable option to traditional fuels, minimizing environmental impact and supporting sustainable energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
| Non-renewable energy | Non-renewable energy sources, such as coal, oil, and methane, are limited reserves formed over extensive periods and are exhausted when used. They are the chief power sources for electricity generation and transportation but pose ecological and environmental and renewability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
| Electricity generation | Electrical energy creation involves converting various energy types such as carbon-based fuels, nuclear power, and sustainable resources into electrical power. This process generally happens in electricity plants where turbines, alternators, and generators work together to produce electricity for power distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
| Heavy metals | Heavy metals are thick, toxic elements such as Pb, mercury, cadmium, and As that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
| Solar-cell efficiency | Solar panel effectiveness measures how effectively a photovoltaic device transforms sunlight into usable energy. Boosting this Solar-cell efficiency is essential for increasing renewable energy production and cutting reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
| Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric effect occurs when radiation shining on a metallic surface ejects electronic particles from that surface, demonstrating the particle properties of light. This phenomenon provided significant indication for the development of quantum theory by showing that light energy is discrete. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
| Accelerated life testing | Accelerated life testing involves subjecting products to increased stresses to speedily determine their durability and estimate their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps identify potential failures and improve product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
| Growth of photovoltaics | The growth of solar energy systems has accelerated rapidly over the past ten-year period, driven by technological progress and reducing prices. This growth is changing the international energy scene by raising the portion of sustainable solar power in electricity generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
| Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar relates to large solar power installations intended to generate electricity on a industrial scale, supplying power directly to the grid. These sites typically cover extensive areas and utilize solar panels or solar thermal systems to produce renewable energy cost-effectively. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
| Lens (optics) | A optic is a transparent device that bending light to converge or separate rays, creating images. It is commonly used in instruments like camera units, glasses, and microscopes to manipulate light for improved vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
| Angle of incidence (optics) | The angle of incidence is the angle between an approaching light ray and the normal line orthogonal to the surface at the contact point. It controls how light behaves with the surface, affecting reflection and refraction properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
| Anti-reflective coating | Anti-reflective coating is a coating applied to lens surfaces to minimize reflections and enhance light passage. It boosts the crispness and luminosity of screens by minimizing unwanted reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
| Destructive interference | Negative interference occurs when a couple of waves meet in a manner that their amplitude levels counteract each other, causing a diminution or full disappearance of the resultant waveform. This occurrence usually happens when the waves are phase-shifted by pi radians. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
| Alternating Current | AC is an electric current that changes polarity, commonly employed in electrical distribution networks. Its voltage varies in a sinusoidal pattern as time progresses, permitting efficient transmission over large spans. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
| Microinverter | A small inverter is a small entity used to convert direct current (DC) from a individual solar module into AC suitable for home applications. It improves system efficiency by optimizing power output at the panel level and simplifies setup and service. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
| AC power | AC power, or AC power, is electrical energy delivered through a network where the potential difference and electric flow regularly reverse orientation, enabling optimized transmission over extended ranges. It is frequently used in homes and industries to operate various appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
| DC connector | A DC connector is a type of electrical coupling used to provide DC power from a power source to an electronic device. It generally consists of a tube-shaped plug and jack that ensure a reliable and consistent attachment for various electronic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
| Underwriters Laboratories | Underwriters Labs is a global protection approval organization that evaluates and certifies products to guarantee they meet specific security norms. It supports consumers and companies recognize trustworthy and safe products through rigorous assessment and analysis procedures. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
| Series circuits | Series-connected circuits are electrical circuits in which parts are connected end-to-end, forming a one path for current flow. In this configuration, the identical current passes through all parts, and the total voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
| Parallel circuits | Parallel circuits are electrical circuits where components are connected between the same voltage source, giving multiple paths for current flow. This configuration allows devices to operate independently, with the total current divided among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
| Diode | A diode is a electronic device that permits current to pass in a single way only, serving as a unidirectional valve for electrical current. It is commonly used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in electrical networks. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
| Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An car auxiliary power outlet is a socket, typically 12-volt, designed to deliver electrical power for different devices and add-ons inside of a car. It allows users to charge electronic electronics or run small appliances when on the journey. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
| USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a standard for linking devices to PCs, facilitating information exchange and power supply. It supports a wide range of hardware such as keypads, mice, external storage, and smartphones, with various revisions delivering higher speeds and enhanced features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
| Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency is the measure of the percentage of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell converts into generated energy. Boosting this efficiency is crucial for optimizing energy generation and making solar power affordable and renewable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
| National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The National Renewable Energy Laboratory is a U.S. DOE federal research facility dedicated to R&D in renewable energy and energy conservation technologies. It focuses on breakthroughs in solar, wind, biomass energy, and other sustainable energy sources to enable a clean energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
| Electromagnetic spectrum | The EM spectrum encompasses all types of EM radiation, extending from radio signals to gamma radiation, featuring different wavelengths and energy levels. This range is essential for a wide array of devices and natural phenomena, enabling data exchange, healthcare imaging, and comprehension of the universe. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
| Ultraviolet | Ultraviolet light is a type of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength shorter than the visible spectrum but longer than X ray radiation, primarily generated by the solar radiation. It plays a important role in processes like vitamin D synthesis but can also lead to skin harm and photoaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
| Infrared | Infrared radiation is a type of electromagnetic wave with greater wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
| Monochromatic | Uniform color refers to a color scheme based on variations of a sole hue, using various shades, tints, and tones to create balance and unity. This layout approach emphasizes simplicity and grace by maintaining consistent color elements throughout a composition. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
| Irradiance | Radiance refers to the strength of electromagnetic radiation per unit area incident on a surface, typically measured in watts per sq meter. It is a important parameter in areas like solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, indicating the intensity of sunlight hitting a specific surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
| W/m2 | watts per square meter is a unit of measurement used to quantify the intensity of energy or energy flow received or emitted over a defined area, commonly in fields like meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It aids in understanding the spread and movement of radiation across regions, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
| Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the extent of different hues or wavebands of electromagnetic radiation, visible or otherwise. It is frequently used to describe the dispersion of light or signal frequencies in various scientific and technological contexts. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
| Airmass | An airmass is a big mass of air with fairly uniform temperature and moisture features, originating from particular origin regions. These airmass influence weather systems and atmospheric situations as they pass through diverse zones. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
| Solar irradiance | Solar irradiance is the measure of the energy per square kilometer received from the Sun in the manner of electromagnetic radiation. It fluctuates with solar activity and atmospheric factors on Earth, influencing climate and local weather. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
| Soiling (solar energy) | Contamination in solar energy refers to the accumulation of debris, and foreign matter on the panels of solar panels, which decreases their performance. Consistent upkeep and maintenance are necessary to minimize energy decrease and guarantee optimal operation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
| Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage is the maximum voltage available from a power source when no current is flowing, spanning its terminals. It indicates the potential difference of a device when it has been disconnected from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
| Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current is the peak electrical current that passes through a circuit when a reduced resistance connection, or short circuit, happens, bypassing the normal load. It presents a significant safety hazard and can result in damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
| Watt-peak | Watt-peak (Wp) is a indicator of the maximum power generation of a solar array under perfect sunlight conditions. It indicates the module's peak ability to create electricity in standard testing conditions . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
| Voltmeter | A voltmeter is an measuring tool used to check the voltage between two points in a electronic circuit. It is frequently utilized in various electrical and electronic applications to verify proper voltage measurements | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
| Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a occurrence in PV modules where increased voltage stress causes a significant reduction in energy production and efficiency. It occurs due to leakage currents and ion movement within the solar cell components, leading to degradation over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
| Boron | Boron serves as a semi metallic element crucial for plant development and employed in various industrial uses, like glassmaking and chip manufacturing. It possesses special chemical properties that cause it useful in producing long-lasting, heat-resistant materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
| Photovoltaic mounting system | A photovoltaic mounting system securely supports solar panels, ensuring optimal tilt and alignment for maximum sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand weather conditions while providing a solid and durable foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
| Solar power plant | A solar power plant captures sunlight using large groups of photovoltaic modules to produce renewable electricity. It offers an environmentally friendly energy source, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
| Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the consolidated approach of utilizing land for both solar energy output and cultivation, optimizing space and resources. This method enhances crop production while at the same time creating renewable energy, encouraging sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
| Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial solar cells are photovoltaic devices capable of capturing sunlight from both their front and rear surfaces, improving overall energy output. They are usually installed in a way that allows for increased efficiency by taking advantage of albedo mirroring and reflected rays from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
| Solar canopy | A solar canopy is a structure that provides cover while generating electricity through built-in solar panels. It is frequently installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to merge environmental benefits with practical design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
| Solar array | A solar panel setup is a collection of several solar panels arranged to produce electricity from sunlight. It is frequently used in sustainable power systems to generate renewable, sustainable power for multiple applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
| Patio cover | A patio shield is a construction that delivers shade and shelter from the weather for exterior areas. It enhances the functionality and look of a courtyard, making it a comfortable area for rest and entertainment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
| Zenith angle | The zenith angle is the angle between the vertical direction directly overhead and the line of sight to a celestial object. It is used in astronomy and meteorology to describe the position of bodies in the heavens relative to an spectator. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
| Azimuth angle | The compass bearing is a azimuth measured clockwise from a reference heading, usually true north, to the line linking an surveyor to a point of interest. It is frequently used in routing, land measurement, and celestial observation to specify the direction of an celestial body relative to the observer's position. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
| Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Setting up solar panels exposes workers to risks such as fall hazards and electrical shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to harsh weather conditions and potential muscle strains pose significant Occupational hazards of solar panel installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
| Cadmium telluride | Cadmium telluride is a electronic material commonly employed in thin film solar cells due to its superior efficiency and affordability. It demonstrates outstanding optical characteristics, making it a popular choice for photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
| List of photovoltaics companies | An catalog of photovoltaics companies highlights the major manufacturers and suppliers expert in solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions across the globe. These companies play a crucial role in promoting solar energy adoption and innovation across multiple markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
| Gigawatt | A GW is a measure of energy output equal to 1,000,000,000 watts, used to assess big power generation production and utilization. It is typically associated with electricity stations, power grids, and significant energy initiatives worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
| First Solar | First Solar is a global leader in solar power solutions, specializing in manufacturing thin film solar modules that offer excellent efficiency and low-cost energy production. The organization is committed to green energy development and decreasing the global dependence on fossil fuels through cutting-edge solar solar innovations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
| GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology expertise in smoothly connecting various elements of industrial and automated systems to enhance efficiency and trustworthiness. It concentrates on creating innovative solutions that facilitate smooth communication and interoperability among various technological platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
| Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic is an prominent China's corporation specializing in manufacturing and innovating solar-powered photovoltaic items and systems. It is known for its advanced technology and sustainable energy initiatives within renewables industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
| GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a unit of energy equal to 1,000,000,000 watts, often employed to represent the capacity of massively scaled electricity generation or usage. It emphasizes the huge energy extent involved in contemporary energy framework and tech. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
| Experience curve effects | Knowledge curve effects refer to the concept where the unit cost drops as total output grows, due to learning and improvements achieved over time. This concept highlights the value of stored knowledge in reducing costs and improving productivity in production and other procedures. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
| Photovoltaics | Photovoltaic systems convert sunlight directly into electricity using semiconductor substances, primarily silicon. This technology is a clean, sustainable energy source that helps lessen reliance on fossil fuels and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
| Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the expense of creating solar or wind energy becomes equivalent to or less than the expense of purchasing power from the power grid. Achieving grid parity signifies that sustainable energy sources are economically comparable with traditional coal, oil, natural gas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
| Mains electricity | Mains electricity serves as the primary electrical power supplied to houses and businesses through a network of power lines, offering a dependable source of energy for different appliances. It typically operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, depending on the region, and is transmitted through alternating current (AC). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
| Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) pertains to all parts of a solar power system excluding the photovoltaic panels, comprising inverters, racking, wiring, and supplementary electrical hardware. It is vital for ensuring the efficient and consistent operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
| Solar energy | The sun's power is harnessed from the solar radiation using PV panels to convert electricity or through thermal solar systems to produce heat. It represents a sustainable, sustainable, and environmentally friendly source of power that reduces reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
| Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are in residential, commercial, and factory sites to create renewable, sustainable electricity from sunlight. They also drive remote and off-grid locations, delivering green energy solutions where conventional power grids are unavailable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
| List of solar-powered products | A collection of solar-powered products features a selection of devices that capture sunlight to generate energy, encouraging eco-friendly and renewable living. These items include covering solar energy units and lights to household devices and outdoor gear, offering versatile solutions for power needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
| Photovoltaic power station | An solar power plant is a plant that generates sunlight immediately into electricity using photovoltaic panels. It is a green energy source that helps reduce reliance on fossil fuels and limits greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
| Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems combine solar panels with other energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to deliver a reliable and efficient power supply. They enhance energy use by allocating renewable resources and backup options, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and cutting overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
| Concentrated photovoltaics | CPV use optical lenses and reflectors focusing solar radiation on highly efficient solar cells, considerably enhancing energy capture from less space. This method works well in areas with direct, strong sunlight and provides an innovative way to cut solar power costs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |
